Paper-making machine



Nov. 259 19.24

c. R. sEABoRNE PAPER MAKING MACHINE Filed Nov. 24,

1923 2 Sheets-Smedtl l @067235K- Cade 1956625027@ Nov. 25, l924- C. R. SEABORNE PAPER MAKING MACHINE Filed Nov. 24. 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Nov. 25, i924.

narrs/ stars y lhiilg! earsar asics@ CHARLES R. SEABORNE, F NIAGARA iFALLS, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE AS- SIGNMENTS, TO AMERICAN LAKES PAPER COMPANY, OF WA'UKEGAN, ILLINOS, A

CORPORATION 0F DELAWARE.

PAPER-MAKJL'NG MACHINE.

ppllicaton filed November 24, 1923. Serial 1\To.'676,705.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that lt, CHARLES R. SEABoRNn,

a subject of the King of Great Britain and ireland,` residing at Niagara Falls, in the county of Niagara, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful lmprovements in Paper-Making Machines, of which .lt do declare the following to be a full, clear,

and exact description, reference being had l@ to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of the specification.

My present invention has for its object to provide improved means whereby a web of paper as it passes through a paper-inaking machine may be impressed with designs or marks commonly termed water-marks, which servev to identify or give distinctive character to the paper.

ln the water-marking (so-called) of paper, it has heretofore been the practice to provide a marking roll, the surface of which carried the desired design to be impressed upon the paper web, this marking roll being located preferably at some. point between. eonch rolls and the calendar rolls over which the web of paper passes after leaving the drying cylinder or cylinders. Such marking rolls have commonly consistedof two distinct types. In the one type the marking roll comprises a metal roll upon the surface of which were secured metal plates or types of the design to be y reproduced upon the \pap'er web. Ordinarily such roll has been used in conjunction with theI drying cylinder of the machine: and to enable the metal types to morel effectively accomplish their function it has been the practice to. wrap the surface of the marking roll with one or more vlayers of muslin or like fabric through which the impression of the types or plates was delivered. A serious objection has been l'ound fo the employment of u'larking rolls hearing metal types or plates and wrapped with muslin or like fabric, as the fabric is sj'ieedily cut. through or worn by the type so that 'it becomes necessary to frequently withdraw the marking roll in order to rewrap the sanne with a fresh cloth. Particularly is this objection encountered with marking rolls of very considerable length, since with such. rolls it is found necessary,

material.

,style or marking roll is found objectionable ,inorder `to compensate for the springing of the rolls, tov form the rolls with a slight crown from the ends to the center, with the result that certain parts of the marking' roll more speedily wear the fabric than do other parts of the roll. ln practice it is found that it becomes necessary to wit-hdraw and re-wrap marking rolls4 having 60 metal type or plates upon their peripheries as often as every three or fourhours, and particularly with very wide machines, such, for example, as are used in forming webs of paper 12.41 inches in width, the cost of supplying fresh wrappings for a marking roll will add very largely to the manufacturers cost of the paper. Moreover, when the marking rolls are withdrawn from the paper-making machines to permit .their rolls to be re-wrapped, it is customary to allow the operation of the machine to continue, with the result that the paper issuing Vfrom the machine while the rolls are thus withdrawn is unmarked and is subsequently gathered up and returned to the beaters to be reconverted into pulp. This occasions a further .and very considerable loss to the manufacturer, as the time con,-

l'sinned in re-wrapping such marking rolls 80 is usually about twenty minutes.

Another type ol markingroll heretofore used in machines of the character to which my invention relates, comprises oneI or more rollsrupon the peripheries of which are secured marking types or plates of resilient These types or plates are ,ordinarily made as narrow, endless bands of soft rubber, the types or impression. surfaces yupon the bands consists of harder rubber vulcanized to the soft rubber bands which afford a cushion for the impression types or surfaces. In practicev this last for a Variety of reasons, the most serious one of which is that it is impossible to vulcanize the soft rubber on to the surface of the metal roll or otherwise rigidly and satisfactorily attach it thereto, so thatI the soft rubber base vor cushion will not slip or'e'reep slightly under the strain or force necessary to elfect the impression to the paper web. Such creeping or slipping of the soft rubber that ,forms a cushion for thek center will result in an inequality of the impression made uponthe paper web, the heavier impressions occurring adjacent the ends of the web and the lighter impressions loccurring about the center thereof. So also there are mechanical limitationsto l the` width of rubber bands that cany be made and adapted for slipping over the ends of the roll, and anyinequality of pressure at different points of the roll must necessarily cause such bands to unequally slip or creep and thus destroy the uniformity of the impressions produced thereby.

By my present invention the diiiculties heretofore encountered are all overcome,

and the invention consists in the features of novelty hereinafter described, illustrated 1n y the accompanying drawings, and particularly pointed out in the claims at the end of the specification.

Fig. l is a diagrammatic view showing a paper-making machine of the Fourdrinier type having my invention applied thereto.

ig. 2 is a view in vertical longitudinal section through my improved marking roll.

Fig. 3 is an 4enlarged View in vertical section through the marking roll. l yFig. 4 is a View similar' to Fig. 3, but showingthe marking roll wrapped with muslin or like fabric. l

Fig. 5-is a ViewV in cross section through a modified form of marking roll embodying features of my invention.

Fig. 6 is a view in vertical longitudinal section through the marking roll shown in Fig. 5. Y f l The paper-making machine illustrated in Fig. 1 of the drawings is shown as comprisingthe usual forming wire A that passes over a breast roll a at the pulp-receiving end of the machine, over the tube rolls a, suction boxes a2 and between couch rolls B and B, in a manner well understood. Around the upper'couch roll B and under the press roll C passes an endless felt D, this felt also passing around a pressure roll E, a tail -roll e, and around "a series of tightener, guide 'and carrying rolls shown above the `upper couch roll B. A lower endless felt F passes `around a plurality of felt-carrying rolls f over the lower press roll C and around an end felt roll f. The Iweb of paper as yit passes from the surface of the forming wire A adheres t-o the bottom of the upper endless felty D and passes with said felt andover the lower endless felt F between the press rolls() and C', and thence 'with the felt D around the tail roll e and between the pres- Sure roll E and the drying cylinder' G to vthe surface of which the endless paper web adheres. From the drying cylinder Gr the weby of papel1 will be passed in the .usual manner either directly to the winding reels or through additional drying cylinders or calendar rolls.

My improved marking roll is preferably located adjacent the drying cylinder G so as to co-operate therewith in marking the surface of the partially dried endless paper web; but this marking roll maybe located in any other suitable position to co-operate with any other roll for the marking of the paper web. lThis-marking roll in the preferred form of the invention (see Figs. l to "4 of the drawings), comprises a metal cylinder H, the surface of which is covered .with a layer of hard rubber 71. vulcanized thereon and forming preferably a continuous sleeve or tube around the surface of thc roll body H. In practice it is found that this layer of vulcanized hard ru ber h may be about 1/4 of an inch in thickness, although this thickness may be increased `or diminished as desired. @ver the layer of hard rubber L and vulcanized thereto is another layer or sleeve of soft rubber It which may be approximately about ,3 of an inch in thickness, and over the layer of soft rubber h and vulcanized thereto is an outer layer or sleeve of hard rubber h2 that is preferably about of an inch in thickness. By providing the surface of the metal cylinder H with a layer of hard rubber vulcanized thereto, it is found that all possibility of any slipping or creeping occurring between the metalsurface of the cylinder H and the hard rubber cover or layer h is avoided; and this surface or cover h of hard rubber `affords a base to which the soft rubber layer L of the cover may be securely vulcanized. This soft rubber layer h aords a cushion for the outer layer h2 of hard rubber in or on the surface of which is to be formed the designs, type, or the like, whereby the marking or ornamenting of the paper web will be effected. Inasmuch asthe outer layer of hardrubber h2 is vulcanized to the layer of soft rubber L, all possibility of any slipping or` creeping between these two surfaces is avoided. Y

Preferably the outer diameter of the metal cylinder H is uniform fromend. to end, but in order to compensate for any springing of the marking roll, particularly if this roll be a very long one, the pcripheral surface of the outermost hard rubber layer or cover h2 will be turned or ground down, the grinding or turning being diminished towards the center of the roll, so that the rol-l is thus left slightly crowned.

lll)

remore Upon the surface of the outermost cover k2 will be ground, formed or cut, any designs 'which it is desired to impress upon the surface of the paper web. ln Fig. 2, of the drawings, the surface of the hard rubber cover h2 is shown as formed with a series of circumferential ribs and grooves adapted to mark stripes upon the endless paper web. @ne advantage of providing a soft rubber cushion t for the outermost hard rubber cover 71,2 is that in case any irregularity or excess thickness occurs in the paper web, the soft rubber cushion h will permit the hard rubber cover 7a2 to yield or give and thusavoid all danger of impairing the impression surface of the marking roll. Moreover, it ispractically impossible to form the surface of the drying cylinder G perfectly uniform from end to end and so maintain it under variations in 'temperatures to which such cylinder is subjected, and by yieldingly mounting the hard rubber cover h2 carrying theimpression surface upon a yielding cushion or cover It', the inequalities of the drying cylinder are compensated for and uniformity of impression upon the paper is secured.

ln some cases `Where it is desired to modify or soften the eect of my marking roll and to give to the impressions made upon the paper web an appearance resembling a fabric weave, it is desirable to cover the outer surface of the marking roll with one or more layers of textile fabric, such as muslin or the like, K, as illustrated in Figs. 2 and i of the drawings. rlhe fabric K after being wrapped around the roll will have its ends suitably fastened to prevent it slipping sev or working loose. lfl preferred the fabric cover K may be made in tubular form so as to be slipped over the end of the roll and shrunk thereon.

` Aside from the fact that a marking roll constructed in accordance with my. invention has an initial cost far below that of.

a metal marking roll of the usual design, and enables a much more satisfactory impression of the paper to be edected, the following economical advantages result therefrom: Tvll/ here the roll is not wrapped or encircled by a sheet of fabric the cost incident thereto is avoided as well as the delays incident to re-wrapping the marking rolls.` Vhen the surface of the roll is encircled by a yfabric cover the frequency with which the roll needs to be re-wrapped is greatly diminished and in practice it has been found that the rolls of my improved construction need be ree-wrapped not oftener than once a week, thus not only effecting a great saving in the cost of the wrapping fabric, but also avoiding the delay in the operation ofthe machine during the time required for re-wrapping the rolls. ln this respect my invention has accomplished a very great saving 'over marking rolls carrying metal impression surfaces wrapped with fabric, since with such rolls the cost to the manufacturer of the re-wrapping of the rolls is very large, whereas with my improved rolls the cost incident to wrapping the rolls amounts to only a few cents per ton. Again, inasmuch as my improved roll needs to be rewrapped only about once a Week, the time during which the marking roll is Withdrawn from the machine and during which the machine is making unmarked paper that must be returned to the pulp vats, is so greatly reduced that a very material saving in this respect is also effected.

llt will be understood that modifications of the invention may be made within wide limits without departing from the scope thereof, and the features of the invention may be employed without its adoption as an entirety. rlhus, in Figs. 5 and 6 of the drawings, l have illustrated a modified construction of marking roll embodying certain features of my invention. Referring to Figs. 5 and 6 of the drawings, the metal body of .the roll designated as H has mounted thereon a series of marking plates instead of having thereon continuous sleeves of rubber. Eachl of these marking plates is shown as comprising a thin, flexible metal base plate L that will be secured to the periphery of the surface ofthe roll body H as by screws M. -'l`0 the base plate L is vulcanized a sheet h4 of hard rubber upon whichsheet 7b4 is a sheet h5 of soft rubber; and upon this sheet of soft rubber h5 is vulcanized a sheet of hard rubber, the outer surface of which carries the design to be impressedv upon the web of paper. l have shown the. marking plates last described as encircled by a wrapping or sleeve of muslin or like fabric K. as in the construction illustrated upon Sheet l ofthe drawings. ln the forms ofthe invention shown in Figs. 5 and 6 of the drawings, the peripheral surface of the metal 'body H of the marking roll is shown as higher about 4the center of the roll than adjacent the ends thereof, the purpose of thus crowning the roll being to compensate for any springing of the roll such as is apt .to occur, particularly with rolls of considerable length. This crowning of the periphery of the body H of the roll insures a like crowning of the impression surface ofthe plates mounted upon the roll.

lin describing the form of the invention illustrated in Sheet of the drawings, l have referred to the layers of rubber that encircle the body of the marking roll as being preferably continuous tubes or sleeves. In practice each of these tubes or sleeves is preferably formed. by wrapping' a sheet of rubber about the periphery of the body of the roll, the lap edges of the sheet being scarfed and united by rubber cement so that in the subsequent vulcanizingV operation each sheet becomes 1n effect a contmuous tube.

lhile the' densityor plasticity of the layers or covers of -rubber upon the marking roll may be varied within wide limits, and while the expressions hard rubber and soft rubber will suthciently dene, to those skilledin the art, the dii'erence between the character of the layers or covers, I'may state that I have found in practice that a very satisfactory densi'ty or plasticity for the sev-l eral layers .or covers may be somewhat as follows, viz.: For the innermost hard rubber layer or cover of the, markin roll, the density or plasticity as measured y the familiar Pusey & Jones plastometer using a .125 ball is approximately O/lOO mm.; While the density or plasticity of the outermost hard rubber sheet or cover is between 5/100 to 15/100 mm.; and the density or plasticity of the intermediate sheet or cover of soft rubber is somewhat in excess of.80/10O mm.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a paper-making machine, the combination with a suitable cylinder or roll, of a marking Aroll comprising a body having vulcanized thereon a layer ofrubber provided With amarking surface.

.2. In a paper-making machine, the com` bination with a suitable cylinder or roll, of a marking roll comprising a body` having vulcanized thereon a sleeve of vrubber prrrvided with a marking surface.

3. In a paper-making machine, the dombination with a suitable cylinder or /roll, of a marking roll comprising a body fhaving thereon a sleeve of hard rubber provided with a marking surface.

4t. In a A bination wlth a suitable cylinder or roll; of a marking roll comprising a bodyfhaving thereon a cushioning layer of soft rubber and an outer sleeve of hard rubber provided with a markingsurface.

5. In a paper-making machine, the combination with a suitable cylinder or roll, of

a marking roll comprising a. body having" a cover or sleeve of hard 11 ro Y vulcanized thereoif rubber provided with a marking surface.

6. In a paper-making machine, the combination with a suitable cylinder or roll, df

. a marking roll comprising a body having thereon a layer of hard rubber, a second layer of softv rubber and a third or outer layer of hard rubber, said several layers being vulcanized together and the outer ayer being lprovided with a marking surace.

7. In a paperfmaking machine, the com- .bination with a suitable cylinder or roll, of

a marking roll comprising a body having vthereon a continuous cover or sleeve of hard rubber, a layer of soft rubber upon said hard rubber sleeve and an outer layer of hard l.

.ammore rubber upon said soft rubber layer and aper-making machine, the com- -marking surface of the roll. i

provided with a markin surface.

8. In a paper-maklng machine, the oombination with a suitable cylinder or roll, of a marking roll comprising a body having thereon a continuous sleeve of hard rubber, a continuous sleeve of soft rubber vulcanized to said hard rubber sleeve and anouter continuous sleeve of hard rubber vulcanized to said-.soft rubber sleeve and provided with a marking surface.

, 9. In a paper-making machine. the'combination with a suitablev cylinder or roll, of a marking roll comprising a body -having thereon a layer of rubber provided with al marking surface, said marking roll having` a greater exterior dlameter about its central portion and gradually decreasing in diame-l thickest about the center of the roll and gradually diminishing in lthickness towards the ends of the roll.

11. In a paper-making machine, the combination with a suitable cylinder or roll, of

a marking roll comprising a body having thereona plurality of vlayers of rubber, the

`outermost layer being harder than the layer beneath it and being provided with a marking surface, said outermost layer being thickest about the center yof the roll and gradually diminishing in thickness towards the ends of lthe roll.

'12. In a paper-making machine, the com-Y bination with a suitable cylinder or roll, .of'

a marking roll `comprising a body having thereon a plurality of cylindrical covers or sleeves of rubber united together, the outermost sleeve ,or cover being provided with a marking surface and being of harder rubber-than'l the sleeve beneath it, said outermost sleeve being thickest about the central portion ofthe roll and radually diminishing/in thickness towar s'the ends of .the

13. In a paper-making machine, theicombination with a suitable'cylinder or roll, ofl a marking roll comprising a body' having .thereon a layer of rubber provided with a of, rubber provided with a markingsurface and a sheet of fabric extending varound the CHARLESI R.

SEABORNE.

D l SCLAB M E R 1,517,018.-0ha1'les Seaborne, Niagara Falls, N. Y. PAPER-MAKING MACHINE.

Patent dated November 25, 1924. Disclaimer filed July 24, 1933, by thel assignee, Amem'can Lakes Paper Company.

Petitioner, therefore,

1. Disclaims from the scope of each and all of the claims of said Letters Patent any paper making machine having a marking roll which has anv outer rubber layer or cover unless said layer or cover has a marking surface ground or cut thereon.

2. Disclaims from the scope of each and all of the claims of said Letters Patent any paper making machine having a marking roll provided with an outer rubber Alayer or cover with a molded marking surface.

- 3. Disclaims from the specification of said patent the word formed in line 2 of page 3, of said specification. l

4. Limits the scope ofeach and all of the claims of said Letters Patent to paper making machines having a cylinder with which cooperates a marking roll having an outer layer or cover wherein the marking pattern or design is ground or cut.

[Oficial Gazette August 22, 1933.] i

@ESCE-Alm ER 1,51'7',018.-Oharles R. Seaborne, Niagara Falls, N. Y. PAPER-MAKING MACHINE.

and the description thereof in lines 41 to 46 i that portion of page 3 of said pa Patent dated November 25, 1924. Disclaimer tiled September 22, 1934, by the assignee, American Lakes Pape?1 Company.

Thereforei h s ecification of said patent, Figs, 5 and 6 o f the drawings l Dlsclalms from t e p 'nclusive of page 2 of said patent, and tent commencing with the Words Thus, 1n Figs.

5 and 6 in line 84, and terminating with line 120 on said page.

any paper making machine equippe f each and all of the claims of said Letters Patent the o e o 2' Dlsclalms from SC p d With amarking roll having an engraved hard rubber cover which is not continuous.

3. Limits the scope of each and all of the claims of said-Letters Patent to a paper making machine having a marking roll With a single one-piece outer hard rubber sleeve in Which the design is engraved.

[O ic'ial Gazette October 23. IQSA 

